Steve Harris
  • Home
  • About
  • Courses
  • Research
  • Other Sites
  • Contact
  • Condemned to Repeat It

The Author Responds

9/25/2026

0 Comments

 
The Author responds

It’s a rather strange feeling to read a multi-AI-written critique of my blog. It’s different than my prior experiences. I’ve been getting evaluated on my written work since I was in elementary school (“Steve’s spelling could use some work.”), with pretty substantive analysis and comments in college and grad schools, not to mention peer review on my publications. Nonetheless, the blog is a bit different. It’s highly personal and has (relatively) few conventional obligations/standards. It’s deliberately quite stylized in tone, vocabulary, and perspective. Moreover, it’s a combination of personal and worldly topics.

Then, there’s the whole “AI” angle. I chose to get assessments from two different AIs (Claude and Perplexity), each 1500 words in length and then gave that output to a third AI (Gemini) to consolidate and condense down to my weekly norm of 1000 words. I sought to get as “neutral” and generic a result as possible, minimizing any machine bias and trying to get only the key points to come out. More importantly, I was trying an experiment in understanding the “critical thinking” aspects of AI; after all, I didn’t ask for a summary, but for a critique. Having written many such essays (blog output included), I know that it’s essential to start with a point of view. 

One of the challenges when dealing with any AI, particularly when I use it for more than a hyped-up search engine, is that it is making assumptions and judgments which are generally invisible. Here, the AIs I used had to select from among my ~300 blog posts and determine what was most worthy of note and critique. I have no idea what standards it used to do so. Then they had to figure out what angles of critique to apply (e.g., grammar, wit, or post-Marxist); similarly invisible. Finally, they then had to make some judgements about what to say. The upshot, even more than when reading a critical essay (e.g., by Frank Bruni in the NYT whose proclivities are pretty clear), is that the critique itself requires critical reading.

So, in light of all that, what do I think about what the AI collective produced? With what parts do I agree and where do I think it missed the boat?

Well, it’s always nice to get patted on the back. The blog was praised for its range of examples (both over time and across different geographical regions and fields of thought) as well as the scope of its analytical connections.  Those are certainly attributes I have consciously sought in writing each week. The AIs’ also accurately focus on my attempt to counter “modern hysteria and presentism.” I would not have said that was a conscious goal, but it is quite consistent with my general approach to life—whether on big issues or day-to-day living.

The most pointed critique—that the blog is more critique than assertion of particular solutions—rings true. However, whether that is a failing is not so clear. This highlights the point I made above that we can’t geta good handle on what stance and assumptions the AIs are making. They seem to be making assumptions as to the type and aim of the blog to which I have been aspiring, and then criticizing the shortfall. To be sure, there are any number of postings in which I propose particular solutions or approaches (e.g. partisan politics, constitutional change), but apparently there is (from the AIs’ point of view) I don’t advance specific solutions sufficiently.

Here’s another example, the AIs criticize my lack of “rigorous argument,” which is certainly true as compared with footnoted scholarly output. But that’s not what I have been attempting. Indeed, the more elliptical and resonant connections which I have tended to utilize are beneficial precisely because they are outside the academic or conventional “box.” The AIs seem not to value rhetoric (i.e. connecting with/persuading) the readers, much less any sense of humor or poetry.

The blog is accused of using “unverified search outputs from AI models,” GASP! But how they would know whether and how I might validate the AI outputs I use is not at all clear. Whether this constitutes “carelessness” you may judge for yourself. 

The AIs say that my attitudes reflect a “tired center-left exhaustion” (a redundancy I would certainly try to avoid). More importantly, the blog is criticized for not being bold enough to proffer effective solutions to some of the fundamental problems I have observed. That’s true—as far as it goes. I would note, however, that I am more revolutionary than most of my “privileged” Boomer cohort and that skepticism of the feasibility of big policy changes might well be characterized as realistic, rather than defeatist. In either case, there is a set of assumptions underlying the AIs’ stance that isn’t articulated.

The great thing about critical dialogues is that they can go on ad infinitum. The tiresome thing about critical dialogues is [ditto]. So, I will cut this interchange off here.

My takeaway from this exercise is that it’s good to get out of my own echo chamber. So, I will try to keep these other perspectives in mind going forward and invite you readers to help by commenting and spurring further thoughts.

0 Comments

A Blog Critique

9/18/2026

0 Comments

 
[As I noted last week, to mark the end of blogyear 6, I asked two AIs (Claude and Perplexity) to respond to the following prompt: “Please review the full set of [blog] postings and write a 1500 word essay critically assessing Harris' perspective on the world” Then I asked another AI (Gemini) to synthesize and condense their output into under 1000 words. Here is the unedited result:]
 

Steve Harris’s blog, Condemned to Repeat It, presents a historically literate, deeply skeptical, and broadly liberal-realist account of contemporary politics and culture. Written from the perspective of a retired lawyer, telecom executive, and history PhD, the blog functions less as a work of technical academic scholarship and more as a learned, highly civilized personal essay series. At its best, Harris’s writing provides an indispensable check on modern hysteria and presentism, using deep historical comparative range to demonstrate that institutional decay, imperial retrenchment, and political polarization are recurring features of human history. However, his reliance on historical parallelism, systemic realism, and epistemic caution frequently collapses into an intellectual safety net—flattening complex moral choices, diminishing human agency, and deferring concrete political judgments indefinitely. 

Historical Breadth and Realist Insight

The defining strength of Harris’s worldview is his ability to illuminate present crises through vast comparative analysis. He moves fluidly between distinct eras and subjects, whether tracing the evolution of formal territorial conquest to informal domination through finance, trade, and cultural prestige, or analyzing civilian casualties by connecting the laws of war to 19th-century conflicts and modern drone strikes. By situating modern developments—such as the trajectory of American hegemony or executive overreach—within broader global patterns, he effectively punctures naive triumphalism and American exceptionalism without falling into simplistic anti-Americanism. 

A central feature of this analytical power is Harris’s insistence on examining the material reality beneath formal ideals. His work routinely exposes how power, institutional incentives, and historical inheritance constrain noble vocabularies like "law," "civilization," and "progress." In discussions of international law, for example, he cogently demonstrates that treaties and tribunals lack a sovereign enforcer, meaning rules constrain most effectively only where the strongest states consent to be bound. Similarly, his "political tectonics" framework—drawing on plate tectonics and punctuated equilibrium—captures how hidden systemic pressures accumulate beneath apparently stable institutions before triggering rapid, unforecastable realignments. Coupled with a refreshingly candid admission of his own limits, demographic self-interest, and epistemic uncertainty, Harris offers a powerful antidote to the uncritical confidence of contemporary commentary. 

Methodological and Conceptual Vulnerabilities

Despite these strengths, Harris’s overarching framework suffers from significant structural limitations. Chief among these is his tendency to use historical analogies as evocative tropes rather than rigorous arguments. Yoking long-term, low-stakes signaling problems like modern grade inflation to catastrophic Weimar hyperinflation creates a memorable image, but it offers thin analytical value. Furthermore, for a trained historian, Harris’s evidentiary methods can be surprisingly impressionistic. He relies on unverified search outputs from AI models for economic figures—a curious practice in essays that lament the erosion of intellectual rigor—and rarely engages directly with dissenting scholars or opposing views, resulting in an intellectual closed loop where he primarily thinks out loud. 

This carelessness extends to his political commentary. While demanding historical caution elsewhere, Harris engages in armchair psychological diagnoses of political figures from a distance, citing casual reference entries to explain complex behavior. His political posture reflects a tired "center-left exhaustion" rooted in incremental harm reduction: staunching the bleeding, accepting "half a loaf," and urging activists and younger generations to lower their expectations. While candid about his own generational privilege as a Boomer, his wonkish policy proposals fail to grapple meaningfully with the vast generational wealth transfers and structural inequalities he otherwise accurately diagnoses. 

The Flattening of Norms and Agency

The deeper analytical risk of Harris’s skepticism is that it frequently becomes flattening. By treating institutional aspirations and moral language primarily as decorative masks for underlying power dynamics, he risks underrating their independent force. While international law and democratic norms are undeniably incomplete and selectively enforced, they still shape diplomatic costs, coordinate action, and establish essential standards against which power feels compelled to justify itself. Treating institutional failure as the entire story overlooks the practical importance of defending imperfect norms precisely because they are fragile. 

Similarly, framing political change through mechanical or geological metaphors like "tectonics" risks reducing human agency to a byproduct of impersonal forces. Unlike tectonic plates, human societies possess the capacity to deliberate, organize, alter rules, and build institutions proactively in response to stress. By overemphasizing unforeseeable structural ruptures, reform begins to sound futile, and the vital work of expanding democratic capacity before crises peak is sidelined. 

Conclusion

Ultimately, Condemned to Repeat It illustrates the paradox embedded in its own title. Harris’s insistence that "this too has happened before" provides a comforting, civilized rhythm that brings welcome perspective to alarming headlines. Yet, this habit often resolves into anticlimactic conclusions—such as "too early to tell" or "it remains to be seen"—that allow the writer to avoid staking out falsifiable positions or specifying positive standards for reform. Reaching for historical precedent becomes its own trap: a ritual invocation that substitutes the feeling of historical wisdom for the far more difficult, uncomfortable work of deciding what must concretely be done in the present moment. 


0 Comments

Journal of a Blog Year.6

9/11/2026

1 Comment

 
The pandemic was in full swing in the late summer of 2020 when I started this project. It seems like far more than six years…. During that time, despite the conversational tone of my postings, I have endeavored to write for me; at least I have tried to not write to create an audience (paid or otherwise). I have used the process to push myself to articulate what I think—in bite-sized chunks—about the state of our world, our history, our schools, and (not least) myself. I have generally avoided being topical, trying to take a longer view of what is significant.

Having said that, one cannot avoid AI these days (barely a blip on the horizon of events and developments back in 2020).  In addition to commenting on various aspects of this profound change (e.g., labor markets, education, human consciousness), last year, to mark the fifth blogiversary, I had an AI summarize the topics I had covered over the first 250 postings. Over the next two weeks, I will have another “AI Special Edition,” engaging in a critical dialog with several popular sites about the blog itself.

But for now, I will reprise the past year.

To mark the fifth anniversary, a year ago, I harnessed a Google AI to summarize my “oeuvre.” Over four weeks in September, I posted a series of summations on:
* Personal Reflections, The Interpretation of Truth, Proposals for Change
* The Modern World, Critiques of Modernity, The Nature of History
* Democracy and Governance, The State of States, Imperialism and Nationalism
* The 20th Century, Climate Change

Here’s the balance of the year:


Date            Title                                   Topic
101025        The Number of Nines         History is NOT a social science
101725        Baltic States                       Onsite observations in north central Europe
102425         Kill all the Historians          And the Professors, too!
103125         Party Incubator                  An unrealistic suggestion to reboot our politics
110725         On Gates and Climate      A response to Bill’s dismissal of the climate crisis
111425         Going for Broke                   Soaring Public Debt
112125         A Bias for Change?           We’re so used to change, we don’t even notice it
112825         Political Tectonics               How society imitates geology
120525        You Can’t go Home Again   The Administration’s naïve nostalgia
121225        History of a Species            The long view of humanity in 1000 words
121925        Bang                                    The democratization of coercive power
010226        Intent in Language              We write as if there’s a reason for what happens
010926        Venezuela                           The (then) latest Trumpian Invasion
010926a      Invisible Hand                     How capitalism scoops up our cash
101626        Ancien Regime                   Our old Constitution is outdated
012326        Capitalism and Me              The start of an occasional series on capitalism
013026        An Old College Try              Beating up on the Electoral College
020626        A Poisoned Chalice             It won’t be fun for the next President
021326        The End of the World          What comes afterwards?
022026        Degrees of Indistinction       Most colleges aren’t helping their students
022726        Change, Transition, and Crisis     It’s always something….
030626        One Perspective on Capitalism    Sven Beckert’s grand history
031326        Democracy and Complexity    They don’t get along well
032026        Seven Guineas                  How European imperialism has framed our world
032726        International Law                  Does it mean anything anymore?
040326        A Revolution?                       Global change is afoot
041026        Rutabaga                              What does “capitalism” mean?
041726        International Dis-organization  The messy state of the world
042426        Slaves to Technology             A personal rant about our modern condition
050126        Space-Time Continuum         One impact of Globalization 
050826        Encyclopédie                          The Triumph of the French Enlightenment
052226        The German Question            Onsite von Deutschland
052926        The Construction of Memory  Dealing with a dark past in Germany
060526        English Lessons                     Brexit: Ten Years After
061226        The Luxury of Details             How we lose perspective
061926        The Ethics of Tactics              Life is full of trade-offs
062626        Modern Empires                    Is this concept outdated or has it morphed?
070326        Semiquincentennial               Happy Birthday to US
071026        Above Average Intelligence   Some are more equal than others
071726        Civilians                                 Are there proper boundaries in war anymore?
072426        Third Rail                               Actually dealing with Social Security
073126        Charging Forward                 My latest career inflection
080726        Pivot Point                       Were the ‘70s more important than we remember?
081426        Destandardization                  Pernicious inflation
082126        21C Empires                          What empires look like now
082826        Fully Self Driving                    The latest in automotive technology
090426        Imagination                             What comes after capitalism?
091126        Journal of a Blog Year.6          Another one for the ebooks
  
Onward!

1 Comment

Imagination

9/4/2026

0 Comments

 
Imagination

Frederic Jameson once asked (2003): “Why is it easier to imagine the end of the world than to imagine the end of capitalism?”

It’s a striking question. I’m not sure of the extent to which this was asked rhetorically or literally and I’ve not read the article from which the quote was taken. But in any event, it’s useful in exploring the nature of capitalism, the state of the modern world, and the scope of human social imagination.

First, I have to say that I agree with Jameson that it is easier to imagine the end of the world than the end of capitalism. For most of us who grew up in the 20C, particularly those whose formative years occurred at the height of Cold War tensions, the dire implications of nuclear war were made plain to us at an early age and, for me, deeply embedded. 

Since that time, we have (unfortunately) added a bunch of civilizational (if not planetary) threats. Nuclear weapons have proliferated. There are now nine countries with this capability and some rogue organization constructing such devices is also plausible. Biological experiments run amok (a la COVID?) or intentional use of biological weapons are plausible. Of course, climate change or comparable widespread ecosystem disruption could work at this level in several ways.

The objective facts of these threats are one thing, but in terms of our collective imagination, they are exacerbated by a deluge of “sci-fi” scenarios, most often in books but more dramatically in films. These fictions are intended to be scary but, whether in terms of asteroids crashing into the planet, nuclear-armed criminals captured by James Bond, or our reemergence on the “Planet of the Apes,” imagining the end of the world has become pretty ordinary.

Imagining, on the other hand, the end of capitalism, is another matter entirely. Passing for a moment the question (see “Capitalism and Me,” 012326) of precisely what folks mean by “capitalism,” we can recognize that it’s a common descriptor of the global socio-economic system. Almost all of us are embedded in markets (for goods and labor and money). Globally, the vast majority of folks identify themselves by their work, and economic status is as important an identifier as any other categorization of humans. Beyond these (more-or-less) objective aspects, we commonly think in market/financial/economic terms; capitalism is a core component of our epistemology.

Imagining the end of capitalism, therefore requires both a model of what a post-capitalistic world would look like and the mental dexterity to extract ourselves from the dominant mode of modern thinking. We are also hampered by the lack of dramatic treatments of what such a world would look like. 

I doubt that I am alone in struggling to picture how the world would be organized without capitalism as a touchstone. Agrarian? Off-the-grid? Amish communities writ large? Medieval/monastic? Could we be de-globalized? De-technologized? De-financialized?


Historically speaking, as I have suggested (see “The Struggle of the 20C,” 061424), in geopolitical terms, we can characterize the 20C as a contest between fascism, communism, and capitalism. After three wars (WWI, WWII, Cold War), by the end of the century, capitalism (liberal, democratic) was the only world-view left standing. It was—in an important, but very narrow, sense—the “end of history.” That hiatus didn’t last long. It was exactly ten years from GHW Bush’s proclamation of America triumphant in a “new world order” to the shock of 9/11. 

Nonetheless, radical Islamic terrorism presents no real effort at a plausible means of organizing the world. Russia is a dead-end. Europe is some kind of alternative, but it’s just a slightly softer capitalism than the US variety. Actually, the only other system on offer is China. Even while paying lip-service to its Communist origins, Beijing presides over what is an unstable version of state capitalism. In terms of epistemology at the popular/individual level, China has drunk deeply of the modern capitalistic well, regardless of its non-liberal, non-democratic political culture.

As a result, whether from a historical or a speculative perspective, there doesn’t seem to be much choice. 

And even if we could come up with a picture of such a world, it is even harder to create a path of how we get from here to there; especially if you exclude apocalyptic scenarios (i.e., end of the world). Incremental change, either of the socialistic variety or an environmentally-committed world, might lead us there. But, it’s a very, very long path to deep change, as our experience with both these movements has demonstrated. Indeed, one of the central goals of the environmental movement is the creation of carbon markets. This would remove a key externality of capitalism (i.e., the impact of carbon release into the environment) by bringing it within the capitalist system. It’s an important step to address the current crisis, but it only nudges at the edges of the capitalist mentalité.

A more radical (dare I say “revolutionary”) vector is similarly hard to picture. We’re not going back to our agrarian, pre-modern world. Bold conceptual changes get bogged down with societal inertia and human frailties. Capitalism has been actively critiqued since (at least) the early 19C. It was seventy years from Marx and Engels “Manifesto” to Lenin’s seizure of power in St. Petersburg. It didn’t take nearly that long for that vision to get hijacked by Stalin. Marx criticized other “softer” socialist thinkers of the early 19C as “utopian,” but his model was the most utopian of all.

So, as we “fish” swim around in the water of capitalism, we barely recognize that there might be an “air-based” world out there or what it could possibly be like to breathe.

0 Comments

    Condemned to Repeat It --
    Musings on history, society, and the world.

    I don't actually agree with Santayana's famous quote, but this is my contribution to my version of it: "Anyone who hears Santayana's quote is condemned to repeat it."

    Archives

    October 2026
    September 2026
    August 2026
    July 2026
    June 2026
    May 2026
    April 2026
    March 2026
    February 2026
    January 2026
    December 2025
    November 2025
    October 2025
    September 2025
    August 2025
    July 2025
    June 2025
    May 2025
    April 2025
    March 2025
    February 2025
    January 2025
    December 2024
    November 2024
    October 2024
    September 2024
    August 2024
    July 2024
    June 2024
    May 2024
    April 2024
    March 2024
    February 2024
    January 2024
    December 2023
    November 2023
    October 2023
    September 2023
    August 2023
    July 2023
    June 2023
    May 2023
    April 2023
    March 2023
    February 2023
    January 2023
    December 2022
    November 2022
    October 2022
    September 2022
    August 2022
    July 2022
    June 2022
    May 2022
    April 2022
    March 2022
    February 2022
    January 2022
    December 2021
    November 2021
    October 2021
    September 2021
    August 2021
    July 2021
    June 2021
    May 2021
    April 2021
    March 2021
    February 2021
    January 2021
    December 2020
    November 2020
    October 2020
    September 2020

      Sign up for alerts when there's a new post

      Enter your email address and click 'subscribe.'
    Subscribe

    RSS Feed

Proudly powered by Weebly